Obstructive sleep apnoea prevalence is a growing concern for global health systems. Specifically, a recent retrospective analysis in South East Queensland examined this issue among First Nations Australians. The researchers reviewed 1563 adult sleep studies from 2022 to 2023. Notably, while only 2.4% of participants were First Nations, a staggering 74% of them were diagnosed with OSA. Furthermore, these individuals frequently presented with more comorbidities. Consequently, the findings suggest a significant under-identification of sleep disorders in this population.

Understanding Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Prevalence in Diverse Populations

Similarly, clinicians in India encounter high rates of sleep-disordered breathing. Recent meta-analyses indicate that the pooled prevalence of OSA in Indian adults is about 11%. However, some regional studies report much higher figures. For example, research from the BLESS cohort in Bhopal found that 30.5% of adults had moderate-to-severe OSA. Therefore, the Australian study mirrors the challenges faced in India. Both regions require community-led approaches to bridge the gap in sleep health.

Moreover, the Indian Initiative on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (INOSA) guidelines recommend a high index of suspicion. Doctors should screen patients with obesity, hypertension, or persistent snoring. Specifically, underserved tribal populations in India may face similar diagnostic barriers as the First Nations cohort. Thus, culturally sensitive screening tools are essential.

Clinical Takeaways for Practitioners

First, identify high-risk patients during routine health check-ups. Second, use validated questionnaires like the Berlin Questionnaire in busy clinics. Third, refer suspected cases for supervised polysomnography when possible. Resultantly, early diagnosis can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and improve quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the estimated obstructive sleep apnoea prevalence in India?

Current meta-analyses estimate a pooled prevalence of approximately 11% among Indian adults, with higher rates observed in males compared to females.

How should clinicians screen for OSA in underserved populations?

Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for patients with obesity and hypertension, utilizing tools like the Berlin Questionnaire or STOP-Bang for initial screening.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or establish a doctor-patient relationship. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

1. Hadikusumo S et al. Bridging the gap in sleep health: a study of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in First Nations Australians residing in South East Queensland. Intern Med J. 2026 Mar 29. doi: 10.1111/imj.70357. PMID: 41904788.


2. Suri TM, Ghosh T, Mittal S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in Indian adults. Lung India. 2023;40:395-403.


3. Sharma SK, Katoch VM, Mohan A, et al. Consensus and evidence-based Indian initiative on obstructive sleep apnea guidelines 2014 (first edition). Lung India. 2015;32(Suppl 1):S1-S42.