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Obesity remains a primary risk factor for physical disability and functional limitations. However, recent evidence suggests that obesity subtypes knee osteoarthritis patients exhibit can vary significantly. Researchers from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study recently explored these differences. Specifically, they evaluated how body composition and comorbidities influence long-term mobility trajectories.
Consequently, the team identified three distinct phenotypes. The first was obesity with low muscle mass (OLM). The second involved obesity with cardiometabolic comorbidities (OCC). Finally, they defined uncomplicated obesity (UO) as the absence of low muscle mass or significant comorbidities. These classifications provide a clearer picture of patient risk beyond basic BMI measurements.
Furthermore, the results showed that body composition matters deeply for long-term health. Compared to the UO group, patients with OLM or OCC experienced much worse physical function at baseline. Moreover, the longitudinal data over seven years revealed five distinct functional trajectories. Most patients in the OLM and OCC groups fell into the poorest functioning categories. Specifically, the OCC group had 2.6 times higher odds of persistent disability over the study period.
Therefore, distinguishing these subtypes is essential for clinical practice. Additionally, personalized interventions may help delay or prevent severe mobility loss. Clinicians should prioritize muscle preservation and metabolic health in their treatment plans. Ultimately, targeting the specific needs of each subtype could improve patient outcomes significantly and reduce the burden of osteoarthritis.
Researchers define three main subtypes: obesity with low muscle mass (OLM), obesity with cardiometabolic comorbidities (OCC), and uncomplicated obesity (UO).
Patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities (OCC) face the highest risk. They have 2.6 times higher odds of persistent poor functioning compared to those with uncomplicated obesity.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information is based on published research and should not replace professional clinical judgment. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
Godziuk K et al. Obesity subtypes and longitudinal trajectories of function over 7-years of follow-up: data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2026 Apr 20. doi: 10.1002/acr.80066. PMID: 42007775.
Misra D et al. Risk of knee osteoarthritis with obesity, sarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenia. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(2):232-237.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Osteoarthritis (OA) Statistics and Obesity Impact. 2023.
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