The relationship between hearing loss and cognition has gained significant attention in geriatric medicine. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that sensory impairment often precedes cognitive decline. However, few researchers have explored how objective hearing loss relates specifically to subjective cognitive complaints (SCC). Subjective complaints refer to an individual's perception of memory or thinking problems despite normal results on standard tests. A recent cross-sectional study by Vogel A et al. investigated this association in older adults.

Objective Findings on Hearing Loss and Cognition

Researchers evaluated 143 participants aged 55 and older using Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and validated cognitive instruments. Specifically, they utilized the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) and the Cognitive Change Index (CCI). The study included both community-dwelling adults and patients from audiology clinics. Consequently, the results provided a broad view of the elderly population. Persons with moderate-to-severe hearing loss reported significantly higher scores on cognitive complaint scales. Furthermore, these individuals demonstrated poorer performance in episodic memory and processing speed tests.

The Impact of Moderating Factors

Although a correlation exists between hearing loss and cognition, the relationship is complex. Statistical analysis showed that PTA results correlated with both CCI and CFI scores. However, regression models revealed that hearing loss was not an independent predictor of cognitive complaints. Instead, factors such as age, sex, and depressive symptoms played a major role. Moreover, actual neuropsychological test scores significantly influenced the level of subjective concern. This suggests that while hearing loss is linked to cognitive perception, it often co-occurs with other age-related changes.

Conclusion for Clinical Practice

In conclusion, subjective cognitive complaints tend to increase as hearing sensitivity decreases. Nevertheless, clinicians should recognize that depression and existing cognitive dysfunction often moderate this link. Therefore, a holistic assessment is necessary when an older adult presents with hearing difficulties and memory concerns. Addressing sensory health remains a vital part of maintaining overall cognitive well-being in the aging population.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can hearing loss feel like memory loss?

Yes, hearing loss can make it difficult to follow conversations, which individuals may perceive as a memory problem. This study shows that people with hearing impairment often report more subjective cognitive complaints.

Is hearing loss a risk factor for dementia?

Research, including the Lancet Commission report, identifies midlife hearing loss as a significant modifiable risk factor for dementia. Correcting hearing may help reduce cognitive load and prevent social isolation.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or a professional recommendation. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for personal health concerns. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Vogel A et al. Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Hearing Loss in Older Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study on the Possible Association. Scand J Psychol. 2026 May 13. doi: 10.1111/sjop.70115. PMID: 42126868.

Livingston G et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020;396(10248):413-446.

Lin FR et al. Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(4):293-299.