Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a distressing challenge for many patients undergoing treatment for early breast cancer. Consequently, the SUCCESS C trial investigated the incidence of CINV in breast cancer patients using different chemotherapy protocols. This randomized clinical trial specifically compared the fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) regimen followed by docetaxel against an anthracycline-free docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) regimen.

The study analyzed hourly CINV diaries from over 1,500 participants to capture real-time data. Interestingly, the results showed that patients receiving FEC experienced significantly higher rates of nausea and emesis compared to those on TC. Specifically, the most profound differences occurred within the first 12 hours after administration. In the first cycle, the nausea-free rates were only 70% for the FEC group, while the TC group reached 91%. Furthermore, the emesis-free rate for FEC was just 41%, whereas TC maintained a much higher 76% rate.

Risk Factors and CINV in Breast Cancer Management

Clinicians must recognize that early intervention is vital for patient quality of life. Since the study found the highest symptom burden in the initial hours, prophylactic antiemetic strategies should target this acute phase aggressively. Moreover, these differences between regimens persisted through subsequent chemotherapy cycles. Therefore, understanding the emetogenic potential of specific regimens helps in tailoring individualized patient care plans. This detailed analysis paves the way for assessing newer therapies like antibody-drug conjugates in the future.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which chemotherapy regimen caused more CINV in the SUCCESS C trial?

The FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide) regimen caused significantly more nausea and vomiting than the TC (docetaxel, cyclophosphamide) regimen, particularly in the acute phase.

When is the risk of CINV highest during these regimens?

The highest risk occurs within the first 12 to 24 hours post-chemotherapy. For example, emesis-free rates dropped significantly in the FEC group during this initial period.

How does this study impact clinical practice?

It emphasizes the need for robust antiemetic prophylaxis when using anthracycline-based regimens like FEC, aligning with modern guidelines that recommend multi-drug therapies for highly emetogenic protocols.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Hörner M et al. Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Early Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide Followed by Docetaxel Versus an Anthracycline-Free Regimen With Docetaxel, Cyclophosphamide-Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Cancer. 2026 Apr 29. doi: 10.1002/ijc.70528. PMID: 42056728.

Kataria T, et al. Expert Consensus on Effective Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: An Indian Perspective. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951474.

Hesketh PJ, et al. Antiemetics: ASCO Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2020. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01296.