Researchers recently evaluated the clinical safety and efficacy of the 3D-printed TMJ prosthesis for treating complex skull base lesions. This prospective study followed twelve patients over an average period of 3.85 years. Consequently, the findings provide significant insights into the reliability of customized implants in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. During the process, surgeons focused on the precision of 3D printing technology to overcome unique anatomical challenges.

### Clinical Efficacy of the 3D-Printed TMJ Prosthesis
The team utilized computed tomography (CT) scans to ensure precise positioning and bone contact. Patients reported substantial enhancements in diet and mandibular function. Furthermore, pain levels dropped significantly on the visual analogue scale (VAS). Notably, the maximum internal opening increased after surgery. However, the deviation of opening and movement toward the non-diseased side remained unchanged. Therefore, while function improves, some lateral limitations may persist.

In terms of safety, no patients experienced infections or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The occlusion and facial symmetry remained stable throughout the follow-up. Moreover, the 3D-printed components showed no signs of loosening or fracture. All implants demonstrated excellent bone integration. Consequently, this customized approach offers a promising translational value for future reconstructive technologies. This study highlights how digital fabrication can transform complex oral surgery.

What are the primary benefits of using a customized 3D-printed prosthesis?

Customized prostheses offer an impeccable anatomical fit, which enhances stability and reduces surgical time. They also lead to significant improvements in jaw function and pain reduction compared to traditional mass-produced methods.

Are there significant risks like infection or displacement?

The study reported no instances of infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or prosthesis displacement over a middle-term follow-up of nearly four years, suggesting high clinical safety for these complex implants.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Xu Q et al. Middle-Term Follow-Up Outcomes of the Customised Temporomandibular Joint-Skull Base Combined Prosthesis by 3D Printing. Int Dent J. 2026 May 27. doi: undefined. PMID: 42202386.

He D et al. Customized skull base-temporomandibular joint combined prosthesis with 3D-printing fabrication for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction: a preliminary study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019 Nov;48(11):1440-1447.

Xu Q et al. Clinical application of customized total temporomandibular joint prosthesis by 3D printing: a five-year follow-up study. Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06245-8.