Overview of Chemo-Brain Management

Cognitive impairment following chemotherapy and hormone therapy remains a significant challenge for many breast cancer survivors. Recently, medical professionals have begun exploring tDCS for cognitive impairment as a viable non-pharmacological intervention. This case report details the successful treatment of a 71-year-old Brazilian woman suffering from persistent cognitive complaints and depression after treating Luminal A subtype breast cancer.

Applying tDCS for Cognitive Impairment

The intervention involved a specific neuromodulation protocol targeting the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (L-DLPFC). Specifically, the patient underwent 12 sessions over four weeks, receiving a current of 2 milliamperes. Clinicians assessed several parameters, including general cognition, depression, and brain electrical activity via electroencephalogram. Consequently, the patient demonstrated notable improvements in most cognitive test scores and a reduction in depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the electroencephalogram revealed modulated cortical activity in the prefrontal regions. However, verbal fluency did not show the same level of improvement as other cognitive domains.

Clinical Significance for Survivors

The results suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation effectively addresses cognitive deficits related to antineoplastic treatments. Moreover, the therapy is portable and non-invasive, making it highly accessible for clinical practice. Therefore, it represents a promising alternative for patients who do not respond well to traditional pharmacological management. This case adds to the growing literature supporting neuromodulation as a cornerstone of cancer survivorship care.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary benefit of tDCS for cancer survivors?

tDCS helps improve general cognition and reduces depressive symptoms that often follow aggressive chemotherapy or hormone treatments.

Are there any specific cognitive areas that do not improve with tDCS?

In this specific case, while general cognition and brain activity improved, verbal fluency scores remained unchanged after the treatment sessions.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or a professional relationship. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions regarding a medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Alexandrino KALG et al. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognition, depression, and brain activity in a breast-cancer survivor: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2026 Apr 25. doi: 10.1186/s13256-026-06061-4. PMID: 42032764.

Gaynor A et al. Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on sustained attention in breast cancer survivors: Evidence for feasibility, tolerability, and initial efficacy. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(4):1124-1133. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.04.013.

Knotkova H et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improved cognitive outcomes in a cancer survivor with chemotherapy-induced cognitive difficulties. Brain Stimul. 2014;7(5):767-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.05.007.