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This study of 76,447 patients found that 8.2% required permanent pacemakers (PPM) after cardiac surgery, primarily due to atrioventricular block. The cumulative PPM incidence was 2.9% at 30 days, 3.8% at 1 year, and 9.5% at 10 years. Tricuspid valve surgery had the highest PPM risk, followed by mitral, aortic, and CABG. Combined surgeries and concomitant ablation further increased risk. The need for PPM post-surgery is substantial.

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This study of 76,447 patients found that 8.2% required permanent pacemakers (PPM) after cardiac surgery, primarily due to atrioventricular block. The cumulative PPM incidence was 2.9% at 30 days, 3.8% at 1 year, and 9.5% at 10 years. Tricuspid valve surgery had the highest PPM risk, followed by mitral, aortic, and CABG. Combined surgeries and concomitant ablation further increased risk. The need for PPM post-surgery is substantial.
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