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Modern clinical research highlights a significant interaction between physiotherapy and immune response mechanisms. Skeletal muscle functions as more than just a motor system; it acts as an active secretory organ. When patients engage in movement, their muscles release specialized proteins called myokines. These signaling molecules circulate throughout the body and modulate various inflammatory pathways. Consequently, physiotherapy serves as a potent tool for immunomodulation in several chronic conditions.
Irisin remains one of the most studied myokines induced by physical activity. This molecule plays a vital role in inhibiting oxidative stress and reducing systemic inflammation. Furthermore, it enhances the function of regulatory T cells and increases the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These biological actions help stabilize the immune environment. In addition to exercise, modalities like whole-body cryotherapy significantly lower interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor levels. Similarly, treatments such as photomodulation and electrotherapy contribute to these protective systemic effects.
Physiotherapy offers distinct advantages for patients with autoimmune diseases by improving their clinical stability. Moreover, regular physical activity provides tumor-immunological benefits without harmful side effects. It increases the population of natural killer (NK) cells, which are primary defenders against malignant cells. However, clinicians must tailor these strategies to individual patient needs. Integrating radon or sulfur bath treatments can also yield a statistically significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers. Therefore, understanding these immunological effects is essential when designing effective rehabilitation programs.
Exercise triggers the skeletal muscles to release myokines like irisin. These proteins reduce oxidative stress and enhance the activity of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Yes, it increases the count of natural killer cells. These cells play a crucial role in identifying and destroying tumor cells within the body.
Whole-body cryotherapy helps lower systemic inflammation. It specifically reduces levels of pro-inflammatory markers like interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or a professional relationship. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
Bender T et al. [The effect of physiotherapy treatments on the immune system]. Orv Hetil. 2026 Apr 26. doi: 10.1556/650.2026.33525. PMID: 42035409.
National Institutes of Health. Myokines and the Beneficial Immunomodulation of Tailored Exercise. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466330/
Frontiers in Oncology. The effect of exercise on mobilization of anti-tumorigenic immune cells. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1381335/full
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