Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) face a significantly higher risk of developing sarcopenia than the general population. This muscle-wasting condition often leads to decreased mobility and a lower quality of life in older adults. Consequently, many clinicians recommend exercise for RA sarcopenia to help maintain muscle strength and physical function. A recent study specifically evaluated how a personalized program impacts this vulnerable group.

Researchers conducted a single-centre randomized controlled trial involving 140 patients aged 60 to 85. These participants were already at high risk of sarcopenia. The intervention group underwent a 16-week personalized exercise program along with nutritional guidance. Meanwhile, the control group received only nutritional guidance and standard medical care. The primary goal was to track changes in the total Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores from baseline to week 16.

The study results indicated that the personalized exercise program did not significantly improve total SPPB scores. Specifically, the intervention group saw a 0.4-point increase, while the control group improved by 0.2 points. This 0.2-point difference was not statistically significant, yielding a p-value of 0.206. Therefore, the primary endpoint of the trial was not met over the 16-week period.

Benefits of Exercise for RA Sarcopenia

Despite the primary results, several secondary outcomes suggested positive trends. For instance, the intervention group showed improvements in the chair-stand test and hand-grip strength. Furthermore, participants reported better mental health-related quality of life. These findings imply that while the total SPPB score remained stable, specific physical and mental domains still benefited from the training.

In conclusion, personalized exercise therapy provides valuable but specific benefits for older RA patients. Although it might not drastically shift a composite score like the SPPB in the short term, it enhances standing ability and mental well-being. Clinicians should consider these focused gains when designing rehabilitation plans for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can exercise help prevent muscle loss in RA?

Yes, personalized exercise programs are often effective at improving muscle strength and physical function, which helps manage the risk of sarcopenia in RA patients.

Why did the SPPB score not improve significantly?

The 16-week duration might have been too short to see major changes in the composite SPPB score, although specific metrics like grip strength did show positive trends.

Should older RA patients combine exercise with nutrition?

Yes, combining nutritional guidance with a personalized exercise program is generally recommended to support muscle health and overall physical performance.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

1. Torii M et al. Effects of a personalized exercise program on physical function in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk of sarcopenia: results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2026 Feb 06. doi: 10.1186/s13075-026-03751-8. PMID: 41652447.


2. Liao CD, et al. Exercise therapy for sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil. 2022;36(1):15-28.


3. Zhu Y, et al. Sarcopenia in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A narrative review. PMC. 2023 Mar.