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The international MOGAD diagnostic criteria were developed to reduce inconsistent diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. The proposed criteria place a positive MOG-IgG cell-based assay at the centre of diagnosis but require a compatible clinical syndrome and appropriate exclusion of competing diagnoses. Typical presentations include optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and transverse myelitis, while cortical encephalitis and brainstem or cerebellar presentations are less common. The criteria also stress that not every patient with multiple sclerosis should undergo indiscriminate MOG antibody testing because false positives can occur when pretest probability is low. For HCPs, accurate phenotyping matters because MOGAD has different relapse patterns, treatment considerations and prognosis from MS and AQP4-positive NMOSD. The framework is particularly useful when optic neuritis or transverse myelitis appears atypical for MS. The paper directly complements IANCON's neuro-ophthalmology, neuroimmunology and optic neuritis discussions by providing a structured diagnostic approach to a rapidly evolving disease category.
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The international MOGAD diagnostic criteria were developed to reduce inconsistent diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. The proposed criteria place a positive MOG-IgG cell-based assay at the centre of diagnosis but require a compatible clinical syndrome and appropriate exclusion of competing diagnoses. Typical presentations include optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and transverse myelitis, while cortical encephalitis and brainstem or cerebellar presentations are less common. The criteria also stress that not every patient with multiple sclerosis should undergo indiscriminate MOG antibody testing because false positives can occur when pretest probability is low. For HCPs, accurate phenotyping matters because MOGAD has different relapse patterns, treatment considerations and prognosis from MS and AQP4-positive NMOSD. The framework is particularly useful when optic neuritis or transverse myelitis appears atypical for MS. The paper directly complements IANCON's neuro-ophthalmology, neuroimmunology and optic neuritis discussions by providing a structured diagnostic approach to a rapidly evolving disease category.
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