The ESTIMABL2 randomized trial evaluated whether low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer could be managed safely after thyroid surgery without routine radioactive iodine. Patients were randomized to a follow-up strategy with no radioactive iodine or to ablation with radioactive iodine, with outcomes assessed over long-term follow-up. At five years, event-free survival in the no-radioiodine group was non-inferior to the radioiodine strategy. This provides important evidence that many patients with low-risk disease may not need routine postoperative radioactive iodine, avoiding treatment that can add burden, monitoring requirements and potential adverse effects without clear oncological benefit. For endocrine surgeons, the study reinforces the importance of accurate risk stratification and complete postoperative assessment. The decision is not simply about whether a patient has thyroid cancer, but about the biological and pathological features that determine recurrence risk. The practical implication is a more selective approach to adjuvant therapy. Surgery remains the foundation of treatment, but the extent of additional therapy should be matched to risk rather than applied automatically. ESTIMABL2 therefore contributes to a broader shift toward personalized thyroid cancer care, where avoiding overtreatment is itself an important clinical outcome.