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Blood biomarkers are increasingly being used to identify Alzheimer disease pathology without relying exclusively on cerebrospinal fluid or PET imaging. This 2024 review provides practical guidance on study design, specimen collection, processing, measurement and reporting of Alzheimer blood biomarkers. The paper highlights how biomarkers such as phosphorylated tau, amyloid-related ratios, neurofilament light and GFAP can potentially support diagnosis, disease staging, treatment selection and monitoring. The clinical promise is substantial because blood testing is more accessible and scalable than lumbar puncture or PET. However, the review emphasises that analytical quality and standardisation are essential before biomarkers can be used interchangeably across laboratories. Pre-analytical factors, assay characteristics and appropriate reference populations all influence interpretation. For HCPs, this means that “positive biomarker” should not automatically be treated as a stand-alone diagnosis without clinical context. The evidence supports integrating biomarkers with cognitive assessment, imaging and differential diagnosis. The topic is directly aligned with IANCON's focus on young-onset dementia, neuroimaging and emerging diagnostic tools. For neurology practice, blood biomarkers may eventually move Alzheimer diagnosis earlier and make disease-modifying treatment pathways more practical, but rigorous interpretation remains essential.
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Blood biomarkers are increasingly being used to identify Alzheimer disease pathology without relying exclusively on cerebrospinal fluid or PET imaging. This 2024 review provides practical guidance on study design, specimen collection, processing, measurement and reporting of Alzheimer blood biomarkers. The paper highlights how biomarkers such as phosphorylated tau, amyloid-related ratios, neurofilament light and GFAP can potentially support diagnosis, disease staging, treatment selection and monitoring. The clinical promise is substantial because blood testing is more accessible and scalable than lumbar puncture or PET. However, the review emphasises that analytical quality and standardisation are essential before biomarkers can be used interchangeably across laboratories. Pre-analytical factors, assay characteristics and appropriate reference populations all influence interpretation. For HCPs, this means that “positive biomarker” should not automatically be treated as a stand-alone diagnosis without clinical context. The evidence supports integrating biomarkers with cognitive assessment, imaging and differential diagnosis. The topic is directly aligned with IANCON's focus on young-onset dementia, neuroimaging and emerging diagnostic tools. For neurology practice, blood biomarkers may eventually move Alzheimer diagnosis earlier and make disease-modifying treatment pathways more practical, but rigorous interpretation remains essential.
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