Because successful root canal therapy depends on thorough debridement, researchers constantly seek more effective cleaning agents. Therefore, a recent exploratory study evaluated the use of TCA in root canals. Specifically, the researchers compared 90% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA. Although NaOCl remains the standard for organic tissue, this study highlights new benefits of using TCA for inorganic debris.

Initially, the team measured pulp dissolution under static conditions at room temperature. They found that NaOCl dissolved more pulp than TCA at every time interval. However, TCA showed far better results when removing intracanal medicaments. Actually, 90% TCA removed calcium hydroxide significantly more effectively than the traditional 17% EDTA.

Optimizing Debris Removal with TCA in Root Canals

Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy confirmed that TCA excels at clearing the smear layer. Specifically, it cleaned the coronal and middle thirds of the root canal system very well. Similarly, it performed effectively in the difficult apical region. Because duration matters, the study showed that a 60-second application works better than shorter times.

Consequently, using TCA as an adjuvant could improve cleaning before final obturation. But dentists should remember that NaOCl is still superior for dissolving pulp. Therefore, a combination of these irrigants might provide the best clinical results. Overall, these pilot studies suggest that TCA is a powerful tool for modern endodontics. So, practitioners should consider its potential for removing stubborn calcium hydroxide dressings. Finally, these results pave the way for future clinical trials.

Frequently Asked Questions

How effective is TCA for pulp dissolution?

NaOCl is still more effective than TCA for dissolving pulp tissue. While TCA does have some dissolution ability, NaOCl remains the preferred choice for removing organic matter during root canal procedures.

Is TCA better than EDTA for removing calcium hydroxide?

Yes, the study found that 90% TCA is highly effective at removing the smear layer and calcium hydroxide. Notably, it outperformed EDTA specifically for the removal of calcium hydroxide medicaments after 60 seconds of use.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or a professional recommendation. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Munoz E et al. Potential of Trichloroacetic Acid in Smear Layer and Calcium Hydroxide Removal in Root Canals-Exploratory Pilot Studies In Vitro. Int Dent J. 2026 Jun 11. doi: undefined. PMID: 42275748.

Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006 May;32(5):389-98. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.02.004. PMID: 16631835.

Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 2010 Apr;54(2):291-312. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2009.12.001. PMID: 20433974.