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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents unique challenges for patients and medical teams. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of recurrent and metastatic cases. However, clinicians must carefully evaluate the impact of these drugs on HNSCC immunotherapy quality life. A scoping review of ninety-eight studies highlights the prevalence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) in this population. Specifically, researchers aimed to define the supportive care needs that arise during immunotherapy.
Researchers identified that moderate to severe TRAEs occur frequently during treatment. Consequently, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) like hypothyroidism, dermatitis, and hepatitis often require clinical intervention. Furthermore, these toxicities can significantly impair physical functions such as swallowing and speech. Therefore, proactive monitoring remains vital for maintaining patient well-being. Moreover, the review indicates that patient-reported outcomes vary across different therapeutic agents. Notably, the integration of specialized supportive care helps manage these complex side effects.
Clinicians must balance the clinical benefits of ICIs with their impact on daily life. In addition, the review stresses that psychological distress and financial toxicity often accompany physical symptoms. In contrast, early identification of irAEs can prevent treatment discontinuation and long-term disability. Meanwhile, healthcare providers in India are increasingly focusing on multidisciplinary approaches to head and neck cancer. Accordingly, future services should prioritize personalized symptom management to optimize HNSCC immunotherapy quality life.
Common immune-related adverse events include hypothyroidism, skin rashes or dermatitis, and liver inflammation. Some patients also experience fatigue and gastrointestinal issues during treatment.
Immunotherapy can impact essential functions like swallowing, breathing, and speaking. Additionally, patients may experience psychological stress and fatigue, which affects their overall health-related quality of life.
Supportive care addresses both physical side effects and emotional challenges. It ensures that patients can tolerate therapy while maintaining the highest possible functional status throughout their treatment journey.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
O'Donnell ND et al. Treatment-Related Adverse Events and Health-Related Quality of Life Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment for Mucosal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Scoping Review. Head Neck. 2026 Jun 01. doi: 10.1002/hed.70306. PMID: 42226019.
Impact of immune-related adverse events on survival among patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. University of Virginia Health. 2024.
Adverse event profile of five anti head and neck squamous cell carcinoma drugs: a descriptive analysis from WHO-VigiAccess. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2025.
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