The management of uncontrolled bleeding remains a significant clinical hurdle, particularly for patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Recently, researchers developed a novel gelatin sponge patch that integrates PANS coating to provide superior hemostatic sponge adhesion independently of the classical coagulation cascade. This dual-function design addresses the critical need for effective sealing in unsuturable visceral injuries and heparinized subjects.

The Science Behind the PANS-GS Composite

Specifically, the sponge employs a one-sided coating of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester-functionalized poly (acrylic acid-co-N-succinimidyl acrylate), known as PANS. This polymer facilitates the formation of covalent and hydrogen bonding cross-links between the material and blood proteins. Consequently, the composite creates a robust seal at the wound site, effectively preventing hemorrhage during complex surgeries.

Achieving Robust Hemostatic Sponge Adhesion and Macroporosity

Furthermore, PANS exhibits a high lap-shear strength of up to 114.4 kPa. This strength enables the PANS-GS composite to maintain effective wet-tissue adhesion while preserving macroporosity. This preserved structure is vital because it allows for rapid blood absorption. Therefore, the device simultaneously physical seals the injury and enriches platelets, reducing reliance on fibrin-mediated pathways.

Superior Efficacy in Trauma Models

In animal studies involving rat hepatic laceration and femoral artery injury, the composite demonstrated superior efficacy. Notably, it showed significant reductions in both bleeding time and total blood loss. These improvements were consistent in both non-heparinized and systemically heparinized models. Additionally, biocompatibility tests confirmed minimal cytotoxicity and a lack of significant inflammatory response compared to standard commercial sponges.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does this sponge differ from traditional gelatin hemostats?

Traditional sponges often rely on the body's natural coagulation pathway. In contrast, this new composite uses chemical cross-linking via PANS coating to ensure strong adhesion and sealing, even when coagulation is impaired.

Is the PANS-GS composite safe for clinical use?

Biocompatibility assessments indicate minimal cytotoxicity and hemolysis. Moreover, histopathological analysis suggests that it does not increase inflammatory responses compared to clinically established products.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or professional services. Readers should not use this information to diagnose or treat health problems or diseases. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

1. Li Y et al. Hemostatic Sponge With Excellent Wet Tissue Adhesion Performance for Anticoagulant-Associated and Unsuturable Visceral Hemorrhage Management. Adv Healthc Mater. 2026 Apr 04. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202505956. PMID: 41934194.


2. Guo Y et al. Recent advances in the medical applications of hemostatic materials. Theranostics. 2023;13(1):161-196. doi: 10.7150/thno.79639.


3. Wang M et al. Recent advances in biopolymer-based hemostatic materials. Regen Biomater. 2022;9:rbac053. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbac053.