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Women who undergo a female lower extremity amputation face unique challenges that often remain unaddressed in standard clinical practice. Despite representing approximately one-third of the amputee population in the United States and a growing demographic in India, these patients are frequently underrepresented in orthopedic research. Consequently, this lack of data can perpetuate health disparities and lead to lower satisfaction with prosthetic devices. Furthermore, women often report increased pain and higher levels of social isolation compared to their male counterparts.
A recent secondary qualitative analysis explored the lived experiences of participants during a clinical trial for a novel prosthetic foot. The researchers identified several distinct themes that differentiate female experiences from those of males. Specifically, female participants emphasized the importance of footwear as a form of self-expression and functional necessity. Moreover, many women described a distinct psychological progression from initial apprehension to eventual confidence while navigating their daily environments with new technology. In addition, the study highlighted that women frequently use side-to-side movements to manage tight or crowded community spaces, a functional nuance often overlooked in generic rehabilitation protocols.
The findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to prosthetic design and rehabilitation is insufficient. Therefore, clinicians must incorporate a diversity of sexes into clinical trials to ensure that prosthetic technology meets the physiological and social needs of all patients. However, current trends indicate that female patients still feel "invisible" in many clinical settings. By addressing sex-specific factors, such as the need for versatile footwear and tailored psychological support, healthcare providers can significantly reduce disparities. Thus, proactive inclusion in research is the first step toward achieving equitable health outcomes for everyone living with limb loss.
Historically, clinical trials have often focused on male-dominant cohorts, particularly in veteran-based studies. This bias has led to a gap in understanding how biological sex and social gender roles influence prosthetic use and long-term recovery for women.
For many women, footwear is essential for both functional stability and personal identity. Limited prosthetic compatibility with different shoe types can restrict social participation and negatively affect a patient's self-image and confidence.
Clinicians should prioritize personalized prosthetic fittings that account for female morphology and lifestyle needs. Additionally, providing access to peer support groups and addressing psychosocial concerns like social isolation can improve overall rehabilitation success.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
Gries MC et al. Highlighting the experiences of female participants with lower extremity amputation during daily activities and comparisons of sex-related factors during a clinical trial. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2026 May 11. doi: 10.1097/PXR.0000000000000537. PMID: 42114156.
Alam J, Joshi A, Mir N, Chawla N, Sagar S. Invisible struggles: Exploring challenges faced by women with amputation in India. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2024;7(1).
Mundell BF, et al. Gender differences in patient-reported outcomes after lower limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;100(11):2044-2051.
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