Quiescence represents a reversible state where cells stop dividing but remain capable of future proliferation. This unique phase is vital for tissue health and stem cell longevity. Recent research explores how centromere assembly in quiescence maintains cellular identity even during metabolic shifts. Furthermore, scientists have uncovered specific mechanisms that regulate centromere disassembly during entry and reassembly upon exit.

Most centromere proteins remain present in actively dividing cells. However, cells rapidly disassemble the majority of these proteins when entering a quiescent state. This process occurs primarily through the transcriptional downregulation of centromere-associated genes. Interestingly, cells preserve a small subset of proteins necessary to maintain the centromere’s core identity.

Mechanisms of Centromere Assembly in Quiescence Reentry

When cells exit quiescence, the centromere does not immediately return to its normal state. Instead, reassembly happens in distinct stages. Most centromere proteins regain their homeostatic levels during the first S phase following reentry. Surprisingly, the histone variant CENP-A follows a unique timeline. It is usually deposited during the G1 phase. However, cells delay this deposition until the G1 phase following the first mitosis. Consequently, the presence of PLK1 helps distinguish these different cellular states.

Understanding these pathways provides deep insights into how cancer cells survive in a dormant state. Therefore, targeting these centromere dynamics may offer new therapeutic strategies for preventing cancer recurrence.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do centromere proteins change during quiescence entry?

Cells disassemble most centromere proteins during quiescence entry via transcriptional downregulation. However, they retain specific proteins required to maintain the structural identity of the centromere.

What is the role of CENP-A in cell cycle reentry?

CENP-A is a histone variant crucial for defining centromeres. During quiescence exit, cells wait until after the first mitotic division to deposit new CENP-A, which differs from normal proliferating cells.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Marescal O et al. The dynamics of centromere assembly and disassembly during quiescence. J Cell Biol. 2026 Jun 01. doi: undefined. PMID: 41955015.

Marescal O, Cheeseman IM. Cellular Mechanisms and Regulation of Quiescence. Dev Cell. 2020 Nov 9;55(3):259-271. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.029.

Dobbs OG, Coverley D. Chromatin Dynamics During Entry to Quiescence and Compromised Functionality in Cancer Cells. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2022;70:279-294. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_9.