Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Managing the intense inflammatory response after an AMI event is a major clinical challenge for cardiologists. Researchers have recently developed breakthrough Single-Atom Nanozymes for AMI that utilize asymmetric coordination to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Specifically, the engineering of a bromine (Br)-doped copper (Cu)-based single-atom nanozyme (Cu-BrN/SAN@M) shows remarkable promise in restoring cardiac health through advanced catalytic mechanisms.

Advanced Engineering of Single-Atom Nanozymes for AMI

Traditional nanozymes often struggle with catalytic performance that is inferior to natural enzymes. This limitation usually stems from symmetric coordination and rigid electronic structures. However, the new Cu-BrN/SAN@M configuration addresses this by introducing bromine atoms into the matrix. The high electronegativity of bromine causes a slight elongation of the Cu-N bonds within the structure. Consequently, this structural change optimizes the adsorption and desorption of oxygen intermediates. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that this asymmetric coordination shifts the d-band center of copper atoms closer to the Fermi level. This shift facilitates the rapid activation of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions.

Restoring Immune Homeostasis and Cardiac Function

The therapeutic impact of these nanozymes extends far beyond simple chemical catalysis. Experimental results demonstrate that Cu-BrN/SAN@M effectively preserves cardiomyocyte viability and maintains functional connectivity. Furthermore, the nanozyme reprograms proinflammatory M1 macrophages into the reparative M2 phenotype. It also significantly amplifies the activity of regulatory T cells within the heart tissue. These combined effects create a robust modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. By scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restoring immune homeostasis, this technology provides a high-efficiency strategy for post-AMI recovery. Therefore, these findings represent a significant leap in nanomedicine for cardiovascular health.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does asymmetric coordination improve nanozyme efficiency?

Asymmetric coordination, achieved through bromine doping, elongates copper-nitrogen bonds. This modification shifts the d-band center of the metal atoms, which lowers the energy barriers for the adsorption and activation of oxygen-based radicals.

What is the clinical significance of the M1-to-M2 macrophage shift?

In the context of AMI, M1 macrophages promote tissue-damaging inflammation. Reprogramming them to the M2 phenotype facilitates tissue repair, reduces scarring, and promotes better functional recovery of the heart muscle.

Can these nanozymes eliminate multiple types of reactive oxygen species?

Yes. The Cu-BrN/SAN@M configuration is specifically designed to facilitate the adsorption and activation of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions, providing broad-spectrum ROS elimination.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice or a substitute for professional healthcare. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

1. Lin Y et al. Asymmetrically Coordinated Cu Single-Atom Nanozyme to Accelerate Inflammation and Immune Homeostasis Modulation in Acute Myocardial Infarction. ACS Nano. 2026 May 20. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6c03635. PMID: 42159046.

2. Gao L, Fan K, Yan X. Nanozyme-Based Anti-Inflammatory Strategies in Cardiovascular Disease Management: Clinical Prospects and Challenges. Biomaterials Advances. 2024;162:213917.

3. Yang W, Li X, Lei J, et al. Targeted anti-inflammatory nanozymes with pro-angiogenic activity for myocardial infarction therapy. Adv Healthcare Mater. 2025;14(14):e2404979.