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The PREDICT-AEDH randomized trial compared primary decompressive craniectomy with standard craniotomy and bone-flap replacement in patients with traumatic large acute epidural hematoma complicated by tentorial herniation. Between September 2020 and March 2025, 120 patients were randomized to decompressive craniectomy (n=58) or standard craniotomy (n=62), and all completed six-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was functional status at six months, assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (GOSE). A favourable functional outcome (GOSE ≥5) occurred in 46 patients (79%) assigned to decompressive craniectomy compared with 52 (84%) assigned to standard craniotomy. The trial did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the distribution of six-month functional outcomes between the groups. Mortality, postoperative cerebral infarction, and health-related quality-of-life measures, including cognitive outcomes, were also reported as similar. These findings do not support routine primary decompressive craniectomy over standard craniotomy with bone-flap replacement in this selected population; interpretation should account for the relatively small sample size and the specific clinical setting studied.

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The PREDICT-AEDH randomized trial compared primary decompressive craniectomy with standard craniotomy and bone-flap replacement in patients with traumatic large acute epidural hematoma complicated by tentorial herniation. Between September 2020 and March 2025, 120 patients were randomized to decompressive craniectomy (n=58) or standard craniotomy (n=62), and all completed six-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was functional status at six months, assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (GOSE). A favourable functional outcome (GOSE ≥5) occurred in 46 patients (79%) assigned to decompressive craniectomy compared with 52 (84%) assigned to standard craniotomy. The trial did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the distribution of six-month functional outcomes between the groups. Mortality, postoperative cerebral infarction, and health-related quality-of-life measures, including cognitive outcomes, were also reported as similar. These findings do not support routine primary decompressive craniectomy over standard craniotomy with bone-flap replacement in this selected population; interpretation should account for the relatively small sample size and the specific clinical setting studied.
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