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A systematic review and meta-analysis explored peripheral biomarkers for Tourette syndrome (TS). Overall, 60 studies were analyzed. The study identified several biomarkers associated with TS, suggesting their potential for early diagnosis. Suggestive associations were evidenced for norsalsolinol (NSAL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B. However, larger and more standardized studies are needed to validate these findings for clinical use.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis explored peripheral biomarkers for Tourette syndrome (TS). Overall, 60 studies were analyzed. The study identified several biomarkers associated with TS, suggesting their potential for early diagnosis. Suggestive associations were evidenced for norsalsolinol (NSAL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B. However, larger and more standardized studies are needed to validate these findings for clinical use.
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