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The NeTKoH study evaluated whether integrating specialist neurological teleconsultations into rural general practice could improve the management and referral of patients presenting with neurological symptoms. This stepped-wedge cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted across 41 general practitioner practices in northeast Germany. A total of 986 patients were enrolled, with 983 included in the final analysis: 517 in the intervention phase and 469 in the control phase before exclusions. The intervention enabled general practitioners and patients to consult neurologists through a video-based telemedicine system, allowing immediate specialist assessment and guidance on further management. The proportion of patients managed exclusively within general practice was lower in the teleconsultation group than in the standard-care group (38.3% versus 50.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.88). Referrals to neurologists decreased from 41.4% to 36.4%, whereas referrals to other specialists increased from 4.7% to 11.9%, and hospital referrals increased from 2.6% to 12.8%. No significant differences were observed in quality of life or overall health status. The findings indicate that teleneurology may improve specialist-led triage and redirect patients to more appropriate services, particularly in underserved regions, although it did not reduce overall secondary-care utilization.

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The NeTKoH study evaluated whether integrating specialist neurological teleconsultations into rural general practice could improve the management and referral of patients presenting with neurological symptoms. This stepped-wedge cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted across 41 general practitioner practices in northeast Germany. A total of 986 patients were enrolled, with 983 included in the final analysis: 517 in the intervention phase and 469 in the control phase before exclusions. The intervention enabled general practitioners and patients to consult neurologists through a video-based telemedicine system, allowing immediate specialist assessment and guidance on further management. The proportion of patients managed exclusively within general practice was lower in the teleconsultation group than in the standard-care group (38.3% versus 50.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.88). Referrals to neurologists decreased from 41.4% to 36.4%, whereas referrals to other specialists increased from 4.7% to 11.9%, and hospital referrals increased from 2.6% to 12.8%. No significant differences were observed in quality of life or overall health status. The findings indicate that teleneurology may improve specialist-led triage and redirect patients to more appropriate services, particularly in underserved regions, although it did not reduce overall secondary-care utilization.
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