The 2022 Sudan ebolavirus outbreak highlighted the extreme vulnerability of pregnant populations. Historically, clinical trials excluded these women, leaving a significant gap in maternal protection. However, a recent cross-sectional study in Kampala, Uganda, evaluated Ebola vaccine willingness among pregnant and lactating women to bridge this gap. Specifically, researchers surveyed women at Kawempe National Referral Hospital using WHO-adapted tools. The findings demonstrate a strong inclination toward vaccination, provided clear communication exists. Consequently, understanding the drivers behind this acceptance is vital for future outbreak preparedness.

Factors Influencing Ebola Vaccine Willingness

The study identified several critical factors associated with vaccine acceptance. Notably, positive attitudes toward general immunization significantly increased the likelihood of a participant\'s willingness to receive the Ebola jab. Furthermore, prior positive experiences with antenatal vaccinations played a supportive role. In addition, maternal education levels and proximity to health facilities influenced the data. Specifically, women with higher health literacy showed less hesitation. Interestingly, many women expressed a preference for injectable vaccines over oral ones, citing familiarity. However, concerns regarding fetal safety remain a primary hurdle. Therefore, healthcare providers must address these specific anxieties through targeted counseling to maintain high levels of Ebola vaccine willingness.

Implications for Maternal Health

Uganda\'s experience offers a blueprint for other regions, including India, where vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge. Since Ebola mortality in pregnant women can exceed 90%, proactive inclusion in vaccination strategies is essential. Moreover, the inclusion of lactating women in such programs protects both the mother and the infant through potential passive immunity. Indeed, high acceptance rates suggest that barriers are often systemic rather than personal. As a result, integrating Ebola vaccination into routine maternal services could ensure rapid deployment during future emergencies. Finally, clear documentation of safety data will be required to sustain this trust over time.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the Ebola vaccine safe during pregnancy?

While historically excluded, the WHO now recommends the Ervebo vaccine for pregnant women during outbreaks. Current data suggest that the benefits of preventing high-mortality Ebola infection far outweigh the theoretical risks of live-attenuated vaccines.

What influences vaccine acceptance in these women?

Primary drivers include positive prior vaccination experiences, trust in healthcare systems, and high perceived risk of the disease. Conversely, misinformation about fetal harm can decrease willingness if not addressed early.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or a professional healthcare service. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Katana EB et al. Willingness to receive Ebola vaccines among pregnant and lactating women in Kampala, Uganda: insights from a post-outbreak cross-sectional study. Vaccine. 2026 May 22. doi: undefined. PMID: 42172692.

World Health Organization. Guidelines for the management of pregnant and breastfeeding women in the context of Ebola virus disease. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240001381

CDC. Ebola Vaccine Product Information. January 2025. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ebola/hcp/vaccination/index.html