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The Breastfeeding Avoidance Scale (BAS) represents a significant advancement in maternal-infant health assessment tools. Breastfeeding offers undeniable benefits for infant development and maternal recovery. Nevertheless, many mothers experience profound physical and psychological challenges during this period. These hurdles often lead to avoidance behaviors that prematurely terminate the breastfeeding journey. Consequently, researchers developed a specialized instrument to quantify these complex avoidance patterns among postpartum women.
The study focused on 227 postpartum mothers to assess the psychometric features of the Breastfeeding Avoidance Scale. This tool consists of 18 items divided into two primary subscales. Researchers used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to verify its structure. The results showed that the two-factor model explained 63.06% of the variation. Furthermore, the scale demonstrated exceptional internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.965.
Health professionals can use these scores to identify specific sociocultural or psychological barriers. For instance, high scores on the scale correlate with a greater likelihood of breastfeeding cessation. By pinpointing avoidance early, clinicians can provide targeted support to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates. Therefore, this scale serves as a reliable diagnostic aid in routine postpartum care.
The scale measures physical, psychological, and sociocultural challenges that lead to breastfeeding avoidance behaviors in mothers during the postpartum period.
The tool shows excellent reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.965 and high test-retest consistency, making it a robust clinical instrument.
Identifying avoidance behaviors allows healthcare providers to intervene early, addressing psychological or physical issues before a mother stops breastfeeding entirely.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
Akdag Topal C et al. Development and Psychometric Properties of the Breastfeeding Avoidance Scale (BAS). J Hum Lact. 2026 Mar 11. doi: 10.1177/08903344261419356. PMID: 41810520.
Sartorio BT, et al. Breastfeeding assessment instruments and their use in clinical practice. Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2017;38(1):e64675. doi: 10.1590/1983-1447.2017.01.64675.
Escribano S, et al. Psychometric properties of the maternal breastfeeding evaluation scale: a confirmatory factor analysis. Springer Medicine. 2024 Jan 12.

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The Breastfeeding Avoidance Scale (BAS) is a validated 18-item tool designed to identify psychological and physical barriers to breastfeeding success....
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