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Evidence from population studies and international guidelines shows that cervical cancer prevention is strongest when primary prevention with HPV vaccination is combined with organized screening and treatment of precancerous lesions. HPV vaccination reduces infection with major oncogenic HPV types, but it does not eliminate the need for screening because not all cancer-causing types are covered and vaccination does not clear established infection. For gynecologists, an effective elimination pathway therefore depends on high vaccine uptake, accessible HPV-based screening and reliable follow-up of positive tests. The clinical challenge is often program implementation rather than the biological efficacy of the interventions. In India, opportunities include integrating adolescent vaccination with school and community health systems and strengthening screening among adult women. This combined prevention model aligns closely with AICOG's focus on improving women's health at population scale.
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Evidence from population studies and international guidelines shows that cervical cancer prevention is strongest when primary prevention with HPV vaccination is combined with organized screening and treatment of precancerous lesions. HPV vaccination reduces infection with major oncogenic HPV types, but it does not eliminate the need for screening because not all cancer-causing types are covered and vaccination does not clear established infection. For gynecologists, an effective elimination pathway therefore depends on high vaccine uptake, accessible HPV-based screening and reliable follow-up of positive tests. The clinical challenge is often program implementation rather than the biological efficacy of the interventions. In India, opportunities include integrating adolescent vaccination with school and community health systems and strengthening screening among adult women. This combined prevention model aligns closely with AICOG's focus on improving women's health at population scale.
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