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FOURIER evaluated the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in more than 27,000 patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease already receiving statin therapy. Evolocumab produced a profound reduction in LDL cholesterol and significantly reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events compared with placebo. The trial was important for demonstrating that additional LDL lowering beyond statin therapy can translate into incremental clinical benefit. For internists, the practical implication is that lipid management should be driven by overall ASCVD risk and achieved LDL-C rather than a binary decision about statin use. Patients with established disease who remain above individualized lipid targets may require combination therapy. Cost, access, adherence, injection preferences and absolute baseline risk all influence whether a PCSK9 inhibitor is appropriate. FOURIER also supports the concept that there is no obvious threshold at which further LDL reduction ceases to matter within the ranges studied. In routine practice, the first challenge remains consistent implementation of high-intensity statin therapy and verification of adherence before escalation.

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FOURIER evaluated the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab in more than 27,000 patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease already receiving statin therapy. Evolocumab produced a profound reduction in LDL cholesterol and significantly reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events compared with placebo. The trial was important for demonstrating that additional LDL lowering beyond statin therapy can translate into incremental clinical benefit. For internists, the practical implication is that lipid management should be driven by overall ASCVD risk and achieved LDL-C rather than a binary decision about statin use. Patients with established disease who remain above individualized lipid targets may require combination therapy. Cost, access, adherence, injection preferences and absolute baseline risk all influence whether a PCSK9 inhibitor is appropriate. FOURIER also supports the concept that there is no obvious threshold at which further LDL reduction ceases to matter within the ranges studied. In routine practice, the first challenge remains consistent implementation of high-intensity statin therapy and verification of adherence before escalation.
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