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This prospective, multicentre randomized trial evaluated whether middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) combined with surgical evacuation reduced recurrence or progression of symptomatic subacute or chronic subdural hematoma compared with surgery alone in 400 patients. Participants were randomized to embolization plus surgery (n=197) or surgery alone (n=203), with the primary endpoint being hematoma recurrence or progression requiring repeat surgery within 90 days. Repeat surgery was required in 8 patients (4.1%) in the embolization group compared with 23 (11.3%) in the control group, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.36 (95% CI, 0.11–0.80; P=0.008) and an absolute reduction of 7.2 percentage points. Neurological deterioration at 90 days occurred in 11.9% versus 9.8%, respectively, yielding a risk difference of 2.1 percentage points (95% CI, −4.8 to 8.9). Mortality at 90 days was 5.1% with embolization and 3.0% with surgery alone. Serious procedure-related adverse events occurred in 4 patients (2.0%) in the embolization group by 30 days, including 2 disabling strokes; no additional such events occurred by 180 days. Adjunctive MMAE reduced the need for repeat surgery, although further assessment of procedure-related risks and longer-term safety remains important

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This prospective, multicentre randomized trial evaluated whether middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) combined with surgical evacuation reduced recurrence or progression of symptomatic subacute or chronic subdural hematoma compared with surgery alone in 400 patients. Participants were randomized to embolization plus surgery (n=197) or surgery alone (n=203), with the primary endpoint being hematoma recurrence or progression requiring repeat surgery within 90 days. Repeat surgery was required in 8 patients (4.1%) in the embolization group compared with 23 (11.3%) in the control group, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.36 (95% CI, 0.11–0.80; P=0.008) and an absolute reduction of 7.2 percentage points. Neurological deterioration at 90 days occurred in 11.9% versus 9.8%, respectively, yielding a risk difference of 2.1 percentage points (95% CI, −4.8 to 8.9). Mortality at 90 days was 5.1% with embolization and 3.0% with surgery alone. Serious procedure-related adverse events occurred in 4 patients (2.0%) in the embolization group by 30 days, including 2 disabling strokes; no additional such events occurred by 180 days. Adjunctive MMAE reduced the need for repeat surgery, although further assessment of procedure-related risks and longer-term safety remains important
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