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Researchers recently investigated the prevalence of Influenza A Virus (IAV) in companion animals, highlighting a potential zoonotic influenza A risk. The study, conducted in central Chile, analyzed dogs and cats from shelters and multi-pet households. Specifically, the team utilized molecular and serological testing to identify viral circulation between June and November 2020. Their findings revealed that a significant percentage of these animals had exposure to IAV, including the pandemic H1N1 strain. Moreover, this report represents the first documented detection of IAV in cats within South America. Consequently, the high exposure levels necessitate a stronger focus on global One Health surveillance strategies.
Clinical analysis showed that over 55% of dogs and 50% of cats were seropositive for IAV. Furthermore, the researchers identified pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1) antibodies in roughly a quarter of the positive samples. Cats generally displayed higher median antibody titres compared to dogs. However, the study found no significant links between seropositivity and factors like age, sex, or geographic area. Therefore, all companion animals in high-density environments may carry a similar risk profile for viral exposure. Additionally, the presence of low-level antibodies against canine H3N2 suggests a complex and evolving landscape of viral exchange among species.
These findings underscore the importance of including pets in routine influenza monitoring. Because companion animals live in close proximity to humans, they can act as intermediate hosts for viral reassortment. Thus, expanded genetic characterization of circulating strains is essential for assessing public health threats. Medical professionals should remain aware of these transmission dynamics to better advise patients in multi-pet households. Finally, strengthening the collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors will improve our ability to mitigate future pandemic threats.
The presence of pdmH1N1 antibodies in dogs and cats suggests that human-to-animal transmission is occurring frequently. This cross-species movement is a critical factor in the potential emergence of new viral strains with zoonotic potential.
A One Health approach integrates human, animal, and environmental health data. This holistic view allows scientists to monitor how viruses like Influenza A adapt to different hosts, helping to predict and prevent future outbreaks.
While most cases involve human-to-animal transmission, the potential for pets to serve as reservoirs or intermediate hosts exists. Continuous monitoring is required to evaluate the risk of animal-to-human transmission in domestic settings.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or establish a doctor-patient relationship. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
Baumberger C et al. Serological and Molecular Surveillance of Influenza A Virus in Dogs and Cats in Central Chile. Zoonoses Public Health. 2026 Jun 21. doi: 10.1111/zph.70073. PMID: 42324577.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza in Cats and Dogs. 2023.
World Health Organization (WHO). One Health. 2024.
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A recent study in central Chile provides the first report of Influenza A Virus (IAV) in cats in South America. With high seropositivity rates for IAV and pdmH1N1 in companion animals, the findings highlight a significant zoonotic risk and the urgent need for a One Health approach in viral surveillance.
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