Clinicians now focus on the link between oral and pharyngeal functions to improve patient outcomes in acute care. Therefore, understanding how these systems interact is essential for managing conditions like dysphagia and oral frailty. A recent study investigated 183 patients at Tohoku University Hospital to evaluate their oral status and swallowing capacity. Notably, many patients presented with head and neck tumors or degenerative diseases, leading to a high prevalence of oral hypofunction.

Evaluating Oral and Pharyngeal Functions

The assessment involved measuring factors such as poor oral hygiene, dryness, and tongue pressure. Furthermore, researchers found a significant correlation between limited tongue movement and the Hyodo-Komagane score. Consequently, patients with decreased tongue pressure often demonstrate hypopharyngeal residuals during swallowing. This suggests that oral and pharyngeal functions are deeply intertwined, requiring a holistic diagnostic approach.

The Role of Medical-Dental Cooperation

Establishing medical-dental cooperation in acute hospitals allows for the simultaneous assessment of these vital functions. Moreover, this collaborative model helps medical teams design appropriate rehabilitation plans for safer oral intake. Early intervention can reduce the risk of aspiration and improve the overall nutritional status of the patient. Thus, interdisciplinary teams should prioritize oral health as a foundational element of dysphagia management.

What is the impact of low tongue pressure on swallowing?

Low tongue pressure significantly increases the risk of hypopharyngeal residuals. This condition makes it difficult for patients to clear food from the throat, potentially leading to aspiration or choking.

How does oral dryness affect pharyngeal function?

Oral dryness, or xerostomia, can impair the formation of a cohesive food bolus. This lack of lubrication makes it harder for the pharyngeal muscles to propel food efficiently into the esophagus.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

1. Tagaino R et al. Association Between Oral and Pharyngeal Functions in Patients in Medical-Dental Cooperation at an Acute Hospital. J Oral Rehabil. 2026 Mar 08. doi: 10.1111/joor.70176. PMID: 41795286.


2. Minagi Y et al. Relationship between tongue pressure and pharyngeal function assessed using high-resolution manometry in older dysphagia patients with sarcopenia. J Oral Rehabil. 2021;48(12):1345-1352.


3. Yamano T et al. Oral health and swallowing function of nursing home residents. Cureus. 2024;16:0. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62600.