Researchers are constantly seeking sustainable alternatives for restorative pulp therapy. Recently, a study evaluated eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite dental applications by comparing its performance with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Calcium Hydroxide (CH). Consequently, the findings suggest that this poultry-waste derivative could transform regenerative treatments in cost-sensitive markets.

Analyzing Biocompatibility and Setting Periods

Furthermore, the investigation focused on cytotoxicity using human dental pulp stem cells. According to the results, both ESDHA and MTA exhibited no cytotoxic effects during various setting periods. In contrast, CH showed significant initial toxicity with a doubling time of 42.32 hours on day one. Therefore, ESDHA appears as a safer biocompatible option for direct pulp contact compared to traditional materials.

Improving Eggshell-derived Hydroxyapatite Dental Strength

Mechanical integrity remains a critical factor for success in clinical endodontics. Specifically, the study found that MTA possessed the highest compressive strength at 85.6 MPa after 28 days. However, the eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite dental material recorded a strength of 18.9 MPa. Although this outperformed calcium hydroxide's 5.1 MPa, researchers must focus on mechanical improvements to match MTA's structural durability. Consequently, future developments may involve adding reinforcing agents to enhance the ESDHA matrix.

Clinical Implications for Sustainable Dentistry

Transitioning to waste-derived biomaterials offers significant cost advantages for practitioners. For instance, eggshells provide an abundant and eco-friendly source of high-purity calcium. Additionally, this material supports sustainable healthcare by reducing reliance on resource-intensive synthetic manufacturing. Moreover, its favorable cytocompatibility makes it a viable candidate for various regenerative endodontic procedures.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite dental material safe?

Yes, research indicates that ESDHA is highly biocompatible and does not harm dental pulp stem cells. This makes it a promising alternative to cytotoxic liners like calcium hydroxide.

Can ESDHA replace MTA in high-load areas?

Currently, MTA is significantly stronger with a compressive strength of 85.6 MPa. While ESDHA is better than calcium hydroxide, it still requires mechanical improvements before it can fully match MTA's load-bearing capacity.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice or a professional recommendation. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Sari MBD et al. Biological and Mechanical Comparison of Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Hydroxide, and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Aust Endod J. 2026 Feb 25. doi: 10.1111/aej.70067. PMID: 41738332.

Swarup JS et al. Eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial in dentistry: a scoping review of synthesis, properties and applications. Br Dent J. 2025. doi: 10.1038/s41432-025-01146-3.

Mopati NR et al. A comparative evaluation of eggshell derived hydroxyapatite and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in alveolar ridge preservation – a randomized clinical trial. Biomater Investig Dent. 2025. doi: 10.1080/26415275.2024.2423018.