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Homelessness among women is rarely the result of a single isolated event. Instead, recent qualitative research suggests it is a cumulative process rooted in adverse family conditions. Identifying women's homelessness risk factors is essential for clinicians, as these factors often intersect with substance use and severe psychological trauma. Furthermore, women experiencing homelessness frequently report a history of early sexual experiences and forced marriage, which significantly destabilize their social support systems.
Researchers used a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of women in urban settings. They discovered that domestic violence and coercion by male relatives often act as primary catalysts for housing loss. Consequently, many women view leaving home not just as a loss of shelter, but as an escape from an abusive environment. Moreover, this transition often correlates with the initiation of substance use as a maladaptive coping mechanism for unresolved trauma.
Medical professionals must recognize that the interplay of gendered power relations and social pressures shapes a woman's path into homelessness. Specifically, exposure to violence and emotional disengagement from the family unit are strong predictors of future instability. In India, data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) echoes these findings, showing that nearly 30% of women have experienced physical violence. Therefore, early screening for domestic abuse is a critical preventive measure.
Additionally, the transition into homelessness often involves a breakdown of traditional family structures. When family members or spouses force women into criminal activities or substance use, the risk of social alienation increases. In contrast to men, women often face unique vulnerabilities, such as a higher risk of sexual assault on the streets. Healthcare providers should prioritize trauma-informed care to address these multifaceted challenges effectively.
Addressing early childhood trauma and adverse family experiences can significantly improve treatment engagement. Since substance use and homelessness share a bidirectional relationship, intervention efforts must focus on providing both psychological support and secure housing. Similarly, strengthening social support networks is vital to reducing the long-term harms associated with street life. Ultimately, understanding the complex social determinants of health is the first step toward reducing the prevalence of homelessness among vulnerable women.
Key drivers include early and forced marriage, domestic violence, and coercion into illicit activities by male relatives. These adverse experiences often lead to emotional disengagement and an eventual escape from the home environment.
Substance use often serves as a coping mechanism for trauma or is forced upon women by family members. Once initiated, addiction can exacerbate financial instability and social exclusion, making it harder to maintain stable housing.
Most homeless women have experienced multiple forms of trauma, including sexual abuse and domestic violence. Trauma-informed care ensures that medical and social services do not re-traumatize the patient and instead focus on building safety and trust.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider regarding a medical condition or treatment. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
1. Pilevari A et al. Family Contexts and Pathways into Homelessness and Substance Use Among Women: A Phenomenological Study. J Evid Based Soc Work (2019). 2026 Apr 04. doi: 10.1080/26408066.2026.2654501. PMID: 41935378.
2. The Hindu. Violence, homelessness, and women’s mental health. Published March 19, 2024. Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/violence-homelessness-and-womens-mental-health/article67964175.ece.
3. Times of India. Marital violence top cause why women turn homeless. Published March 21, 2019. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/marital-violence-top-cause-why-women-turn-homeless/articleshow/68503833.cms.
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A study on how family trauma and social factors drive homelessness and substance use among women, highlighting the need for trauma-informed care....
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