Healthcare systems worldwide contribute approximately 4.6% of global carbon emissions. In particular, anesthesia and intensive care units are primary sources of environmental impact. Therefore, the adoption of sustainable anesthesia practices is essential for modern clinical medicine. A recent nationwide survey of Italian anesthesiologists-intensivists sheds light on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers regarding green initiatives in the operating room.

The cross-sectional study, conducted among members of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI), analyzed 459 responses. While a staggering 83.4% of participants rated environmental sustainability as very important, the findings revealed a significant gap between awareness and real-world implementation. Specifically, 93.1% of clinicians reported the routine use of single-use devices, which significantly increases medical waste.

The Role of the Green Generation in Sustainable Anesthesia Practices

Interestingly, the research identified two distinct respondent profiles: the "Experienced Generation" (senior specialists) and the "Green Generation" (early-career clinicians). Although both groups value sustainability, the Green Generation more frequently adopts eco-friendly techniques. For instance, younger doctors utilized total intravenous anesthesia (71.2% vs. 57.5%) and regional anesthesia (74.1% vs. 64.0%) at higher rates than their senior counterparts.

Identifying Barriers to Sustainable Anesthesia Practices

Several factors hinder the widespread transition to eco-friendly care. Only 7.4% of respondents worked in departments with a designated sustainability officer. Consequently, the lack of institutional leadership and standardized protocols remains a major hurdle. Furthermore, the reliance on single-use equipment and the scarcity of recycling programs in hospitals create a challenging environment for clinicians aiming to reduce their carbon footprint. Therefore, addressing these structural barriers is crucial for clinical progress.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most effective sustainable anesthesia practices?

Clinical data suggests that choosing total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or regional anesthesia over volatile anesthetic gases can significantly lower carbon emissions. Additionally, implementing low-flow anesthesia techniques and reducing single-use plastic consumption are vital steps.

Why is there a generational gap in sustainability adoption?

Younger clinicians, often referred to as the "Green Generation," typically receive more exposure to environmental education during their training. Moreover, they may be more open to adopting newer technologies and protocols that prioritize sustainability alongside patient safety.

How can hospitals support anesthesiologists in going green?

Institutions can support these efforts by appointing sustainability officers and establishing clear recycling protocols. Providing access to reusable medical devices and switching to renewable energy sources are also critical institutional actions.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or a professional endorsement. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Mandarano R et al. Attitudes, knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers on sustainability actions among Italian anesthesiologists-intensivists: a nationwide survey. J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2026 Apr 18. doi: 10.1186/s44158-026-00379-7. PMID: 41998736.

Ahluwalia P. Reducing carbon footprint: Paving the way for sustainable anesthesia. Indian J Clin Anaesth. 2019;6(3):323-324.

Patil KN. Sustainable Anesthesia Practices: Need of the hour. Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical Journal. 2024;4(4):1-3.