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The main risks include the potential for "cognitive hacking" and the unauthorized use of sensitive neural signals that reveal a patient's emotional or mental state.
Practitioners should clearly explain the limitations of the technology, the possibility of placebo effects, and the specific risks involved in sharing brain data with third-party platforms.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice or a professional relationship. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.
References
Ölçüoğlu R et al. Ethical challenges in EEG neurofeedback: a systematic review of gaps, risks, and responsibilities. BMC Med Ethics. 2026 Feb 23. doi: 10.1186/s12910-026-01408-4. PMID: 41731503.
Garg I. The Time is Now for a 'Neuro-Rights' Law in India. Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy. 2022 Jan 07.
Ienca M et al. Neuro-rights and human rights: Are they the same? Heliyon. 2021;7(7):e07502.

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