Tongue cancer accounts for nearly half of all oral cancer cases worldwide. Consequently, medical researchers are searching for novel therapeutic agents to improve patient outcomes. Recent evidence highlights the Catharanthus roseus anticancer effects on HSC-3 tongue cancer cells. This specific study examined how the ethanol extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves (EECRL) influences apoptosis and cell viability.

Scientists utilized the MTT assay to measure cell viability across various concentrations of the extract. They observed that EECRL reduced the number of viable HSC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, sub-G1 analysis confirmed that the extract induced significant apoptosis. To understand the underlying mechanism, the team measured biochemical markers through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Exploring Catharanthus roseus Anticancer Effects via PI3K and PARP

The study focused on the suppression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Usually, this pathway promotes the growth and survival of malignant cells. However, treatment with EECRL led to a notable reduction in phosphorylated PI3K levels. Additionally, the researchers identified a significant increase in PARP cleavage. Because cleaved-PARP is a reliable marker of programmed cell death, these results suggest a potent apoptotic response. Therefore, targeting these specific pathways could be a viable strategy for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma.

In India, where oral cancer prevalence is high, these findings offer a promising alternative for future drug development. Specifically, the extract targets cancer cells while suppressing the survival signals that usually allow tumors to resist treatment. Although further clinical trials are necessary, the current data provides a strong foundation for using Catharanthus roseus in oncology. Moreover, the integration of traditional medicinal knowledge with modern molecular analysis continues to yield significant breakthroughs in cancer therapy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of PI3K in tongue cancer?

PI3K is a critical enzyme that helps cancer cells survive and proliferate. The study demonstrates that Catharanthus roseus extract suppresses PI3K, thereby halting cancer growth.

How does PARP cleavage indicate cell death?

PARP cleavage occurs when cells undergo apoptosis, which is the body\'s natural way of eliminating damaged or cancerous cells. High levels of cleaved-PARP confirm that the extract is successfully killing tongue cancer cells.

Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice or to replace consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. Refer to the latest local and national guidelines for clinical practice.

References

Sandra F et al. Ethanol Extract of Catharanthus roseus Leaves Exhibits Anticancer Effects on HSC-3 Tongue Cancer Cells Associated with PI3K Suppression and PARP Cleavage. Eur J Dent. 2026 Mar 14. doi: 10.1055/s-0046-1816555. PMID: 41831451.

Kapoor G et al. Pharmaceutical Importance of Catharanthus roseus in Cancer Management. Adv Pharmacol Pharm. 2025; 13(4): 592-601.

Jordan MA, Wilson L. Microtubules as a target for anticancer drugs. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004; 4(4): 253-265.